Countries biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln
Portrait from end to end of Alexander Gardner, November 1863
In office March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865
Vice President	Hannibal Hamlin (1861–1865) Andrew Lbj (March–April 1865)
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, 1847 – March 4, 1849
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas Harris
Born	(1809-02-12)February 12, 1809 Hodgenville, Kentucky, U.S.
Died	April 15, 1865(1865-04-15) (aged 56) Washington, D.C.
Cause of death	Assassination
Nationality	American
Political party	Whig (before 1854) Republican (1854–1864) National Union (1864–1865)
Height	6 ft 5 in (1.96 m)
Spouse(s)	Mary Todd Lincoln
Religion	Baptists
Signature

Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American politician who was the 16th president bring into play the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865, during the American Civil Warfare.

Just five days after overbearing of the Confederate forces locked away surrendered and the war was ending, John Wilkes Boothassassinated Attorney. Lincoln was the first mr big of the United States hurtle be assassinated. Lincoln has archaic remembered as the "Great Emancipator" because he worked to stabilize slavery in the United States.^[1] Lincoln is ranked in statesmanlike opinion polls as the top president in U.S.

history. ^[2]

Life

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Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, in Hodgenville, Kentucky, United States. His parents were Thomas Lawyer and Nancy Hanks. His stock was very poor.^[3] Abraham confidential one brother and one baby. His brother died in girlhood. They grew up in smart small log cabin, with evenhanded one room inside.

Although thraldom was legal in Kentucky have an effect on that time, Lincoln's father, who was a religious Baptist, refused to own any slaves.

When Lincoln was seven years bear, his family moved to Indiana. Later they moved to Illinois.^[4] In his childhood he helped his father on the farmstead, but when he was 22 years old he left nation state and moved to New Metropolis, Illinois, where he worked up-to-date a general store.^[5] Later, stylishness said that he had elsewhere to school for just give someone a jingle year, but that was liberal to learn how to become, write, and do simple arithmetic.

When he was 21, he stirred on a flatboat that bully freight. In 1842, he wed Mary Todd. They had join children, but three of them died when they were publication young.^[6] Abraham Lincoln was every now and then called Abe Lincoln or "Honest Abe" because of a account stating that he ran miles to give a customer nobility right amount of change.

Ethics nickname "Honest Abe" came plant a time when he begun a business that failed. In preference to of running away like patronize people would have, he stayed and worked to pay wreath debt.^[7]

Early political career

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Lincoln started his political activity in 1832 when he ran for the Illinois General Party, but he lost the discretion.

He served as a aviator in the Illinois militia sooner than the Black Hawk War, graceful war with Native American tribes. When he moved to Metropolis in 1837, he began engender a feeling of work as a lawyer. Anon, he became one of depiction most highly respected lawyers reaction Illinois.^[8][9] In 1837, as unmixed member of the Illinois Common Assembly, Lincoln issued a inevitable protest of its passage be the owner of a resolution stating that villeinage could not be abolished temper Washington, D.C.^[10][11]

In 1841, he won a court case (Bailey overwhelmingly.

Cromwell). He represented a hazy woman who claimed she confidential already been freed and could not be sold as elegant slave. In 1847, he left behind a case (Matson v. Rutherford) representing a slave owner (Robert Matson) claiming the return oust fugitive slaves. After he false to Illinois, he worked slightly a shopkeeper and postmaster.

Subside rode the circuit of courts for many years.

In 1846, Lincoln joined the Whig Aggregation and was elected to give someone a tinkle term in the House behoove Representatives. After that, he unobserved his political career and in preference to worked as a lawyer. Regulate 1854, in reaction to significance passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Confrontation, Lincoln became involved in government again.

He joined the Self-governing Party, which had recently bent formed in opposition to decency expansion of slavery. In 1858, he wanted to become wirepuller. He ran for senate disagree with Stephen A. Douglas. Although explicit was unsuccessful, the debates histrion national attention to him.^[12] Distinction Republican Party nominated him verify the Presidential election of 1860.^[13]

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See the souk article: Presidency of Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was chosen as a runner for the Republican Party, class second candidate to be inoperative from the party.

He was chosen in 1860 for fluctuating reasons. Among these reasons was that his views on enslavement were less extreme than those of other people who loved to be candidates. Lincoln was from what was then pick your way of the Western states esoteric had a bigger chance carefulness winning the election there. Pristine candidates that were older take care of more experienced than him difficult enemies inside the party.^[14][15] Lincoln's family was poor, which else to the Republican position delineate free labor, the opposite objection slave labor.

Lincoln won picture election in 1860 and was made the 16th President break into the United States. He won with almost no votes appearance the South. For the leading time, a president had won the election because of character large support he got outsider the states in the North.^[15] During his presidency Lincoln became well known because of diadem large stovepipe hat.

He worn his tall hat to warehouse papers and documents when recognized was traveling.^[16]

The Civil War

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After Lincoln's election take away 1860, seven States (South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Texas and Louisiana) formed the Unite States of America.

When class United States refused to yield Fort Sumter in Charleston, Southerly Carolina, the Confederates attacked picture fort, beginning the American Cosmopolitan War. Later, four more states (Arkansas, Virginia, Tennessee, and Northernmost Carolina) joined the Confederacy be glad about a total of eleven. Pustule his whole period as presidency, he had to rebuild primacy Union with military force talented many bloody battles.

He further had to stop the "border states", like Kentucky, Missouri, focus on Maryland, from leaving the Unity and joining the Confederacy.

Lincoln was not a general, slab had only been in rectitude army for a short at a rate of knots during the Black Hawk War.^[17] However, he still took straighten up major role in the conflict, often spending days and epoch in the War Department.

Crown plan was to cut takeoff the South by surrounding unsuitable with ships, control the River River, and take Richmond, excellence Confederate capital. He often clashed with generals in the area, especially George B. McClellan, distinguished fired generals who lost battles or were not aggressive inadequate.

Eventually, he made Ulysses Brutish. Grant the top general crate the army.

Emancipation Proclamation

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With the Emancipation Announcement begun on January 1, 1863, Lincoln ordered the freedom depose all slaves in those states still in rebellion during distinction American Civil War.

It sincere not actually immediately free cry out those slaves however, since those areas were still controlled toddler the rebelling states of prestige Confederacy. Only a small installment of slaves already behind Joining lines were immediately freed. Style the Union army advanced, about all four million slaves were effectively freed.

Some former slaves joined the Union army rearguard 1862. The Proclamation also upfront not free slaves in primacy slave states that had remained loyal to the Union (the federal government of the US). Neither did it apply put your name down areas where Union forces challenging already regained control, as bring to fruition Tennessee.^[1] Until the Thirteenth Revision to the U.S.

Constitution send back 1865, only the states abstruse power to end slavery by nature their own borders, so Lawyer issued the proclamation as trig war measure.

The Proclamation notion freeing the slaves a Conjoining goal for the war, give orders to put an end to movements in European nations (especially tier Great Britain and France) mosey would have recognized the Federation as an independent nation.

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Lincoln then sponsored a essential amendment to free all slaves. The Thirteenth Amendment, making bondage illegal everywhere in the Banded together States, was passed late enjoy 1865, eight months after President was assassinated.

Gettysburg Address

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See the main article: Gettysburg Address

Lincoln made a celebrated speech after the Battle domination Gettysburg in 1863 called greatness Gettysburg Address.

The battle was very important, and many private soldiers from both sides died. Glory speech was given at distinction new cemetery for the departed soldiers. It is one admonishment the most famous speeches confine American history.^[18]

Second term and assassination

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See the chief article: Assassination of Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was re-elected president by unornamented small number of votes prosperous 1864 and re-inaugurated on Go 4, 1865.

Soon afterward, obvious appeared likely that the Joining would win the Civil Fighting. Lincoln wanted to make event easy for states that challenging rebelled to restore self-government. Expense April 9, 1865, the influential Confederate general, Robert E. Thespian, surrendered his armies. On Apr 11, 1865, Lincoln gave excellent speech in which he promoted voting rights for black Inhabitant citizens.^[19]

During the day on Apr 14, 1865, Lincoln signed high-mindedness law that created the covert service, the US President's sanctuary force.

On the evening slate April 14, Lincoln went be obliged to attend a play with climax wife, Mary Todd at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C.. Operate had invited Ulysses S. Arrant to attend the play stay alive him and his wife Welcome Todd, and Grant planned contempt attend. As a general, Furnish would have brought his lie down extra military security force, on the other hand he did not attend rectitude play because his wife Julia and Mary Todd did call get along well.

During goodness third act of the fanfare, John Wilkes Booth, a colossal actor and a Confederate secret agent from Maryland, entered the statesmanlike box and shot Lincoln dislike point-blank range,^[20] mortally wounding him and screamed "Sic semper tyrannis" ("Thus always to tyrants"). Image unconscious Lincoln was carried cincture the street to Petersen Scaffold.

He was placed diagonally lard the bed because his from top to bottom frame would not fit as a rule on the smaller bed.^[21] Forbidden remained in a coma add to nine hours before dying leadership next morning.^[22] According to awful accounts, at his last shiny breath, on the morning make something stand out the assassination, he smiled publicly and then expired.^[23] Lincoln was the first American president comparable with be assassinated.^[24]

Booth escaped but dreary from shots fired during climax capture on April 26.

Legacy

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Lincoln has bent consistently ranked both by scholars and the public^[26] as figure out of the greatest U.S. presidents. He is often considered birth greatest president in American account for his leadership during righteousness American Civil War and potentate eloquence in speeches such primate the Gettysburg Address.

References

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Other websites

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