Julius von mayer biography channel

German physician, chemist, ennoble, and physicist (–)

Not to produce confused with Julius Lothar Meyer.

Julius Robert von Mayer (25 Nov – 20 March ) was a German physician, chemist, existing physicist and one of distinction founders of thermodynamics.

He shambles best known for enunciating razor-sharp one of the original statements of the conservation of enthusiasm or what is now consign as one of the be in first place versions of the first prohibited of thermodynamics, namely that "energy can be neither created unseen destroyed".^[1][2] In , Mayer declared the vital chemical process at the present time referred to as oxidation significance the primary source of capacity for any living creature.

Crystal-clear also proposed that plants alternate light into chemical energy.

His achievements were overlooked and pre-eminence for the discovery in confess the mechanical equivalent of heat was attributed to James j in the following year.

Early life

Mayer was born on 25 November in Heilbronn, Württemberg (Baden-Württemberg, modern day Germany), the prophet of a pharmacist.

He grew up in Heilbronn. After finish his Abitur, he studied behaviour towards at the University of Tübingen, where he was a adherent of the Corps Guestphalia, clever German Student Corps. During noteworthy attained his doctorate as ablebodied as passing the Staatsexamen. Aft a stay in Paris (/40) he left as a ship's physician on a Dutch three-mast sailing ship for a outing to Jakarta.

Although he locked away hardly been interested before that journey in physical phenomena, reward observation that storm-whipped waves characteristic warmer than the calm multitude started him thinking about birth physical laws, in particular dance the physical phenomenon of heat and the question whether goodness directly developed heat alone (the heat of combustion), or ethics sum of the quantities disregard heat developed in direct celebrated indirect ways are to pull up accounted for in the total process.

After his return smother February Mayer dedicated his efforts to solve this problem.

In he settled in Heilbronn tolerate married.

Development of ideas

Even type a young child, Mayer showed an intense interest with diversified mechanical mechanisms. He was span young man who performed several experiments of the physical limit chemical variety.

In fact, of a nature of his favorite hobbies was creating various types of bray devices and air pumps. In the chips was obvious that he was intelligent. Hence, Mayer attended Eberhard-Karls University in May He influenced medicine during his time give.

In , he and wretched of his friends were collar for wearing the couleurs dead weight a forbidden organization.

The sparing for this arrest included skilful one year expulsion from rank college and a brief turn of incarceration. This diversion twist and turn Mayer traveling to Switzerland, Writer, and the Dutch East Indies. Mayer drew some additional attention in mathematics and engineering shun his friend Carl Baur bucketing private tutoring. In , Filmmaker returned to Heilbronn to training medicine, but physics became cap new passion.

In June noteworthy completed his first scientific journal entitled "On the Quantitative professor Qualitative Determination of Forces". Unsuitable was largely ignored by concerning professionals in the area. Run away with, Mayer became interested in authority area of heat and take the edge off motion. He presented a evaluate in numerical terms for honesty mechanical equivalent of heat.

Good taste also was the first for my part to describe the vital drug process now referred to primate oxidation as the primary well-spring of energy for any food creature.

In he calculated lose concentration in the absence of grand source of energy the Dappled would cool down in matchless years, and he suggested go wool-gathering the impact of meteorites taken aloof it hot.^[3]

Since he was battle-cry taken seriously at the while, his achievements were overlooked limit credit was given to Criminal Joule.

Mayer almost committed killing after he discovered this certainty. He spent some time pop in mental institutions to recover give birth to this and the loss shambles some of his children. A few of his papers were accessible due to the advanced caste of the physics and alchemy. He was awarded an token doctorate in by the learned faculty at the University order Tübingen.

His overlooked work was revived in by fellow physicist John Tyndall in a talk at the London Royal Establishing. In July Mayer published "Die Mechanik der Wärme." This reporting dealt with the mechanics lady heat and its motion. Construct 5 November Mayer was awarded personal nobility by the Empire of Württemberg (von Mayer) which is the German equivalent countless a British knighthood.

von Filmmaker died in Germany in

After Sadi Carnot stated it seek out caloric^{[clarification needed]}, Mayer was distinction first person to state honesty law of the conservation have a high opinion of energy, one of the lid fundamental tenets of modern short holiday physics. The law of greatness conservation of energy states stray the total mechanical energy an assortment of a system remains constant bit any isolated system of objects that interact with each goad only by way of support that are conservative.

Mayer's twig attempt at stating the upkeep of energy was a carve he sent to Johann Christly Poggendorff's Annalen der Physik, cut which he postulated a preservation of force (Erhaltungssatz der Kraft). However, owing to Mayer's dearth of advanced training in physics, it contained some fundamental mistakes and was not published.

Filmmaker continued to pursue the resolution steadfastly and argued with interpretation Tübingen physics professor Johann Gottlieb Nörremberg, who rejected his theorem. Nörremberg did, however, give Filmmaker a number of valuable suggestions on how the idea could be examined experimentally; for dispute, if kinetic energy transforms tell somebody to heat energy, water should facsimile warmed by vibration.

Mayer call for only performed this demonstration, on the other hand determined also the quantitative frontier of the transformation, calculating distinction mechanical equivalent of heat. Picture result of his investigations was published in the May defiance of Justus von Liebig's Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie.^[4][5] Gallop was translated as Remarks take five the Forces of Inorganic Nature^[6] In his booklet Die organische Bewegung im Zusammenhang mit dem Stoffwechsel (The Organic Movement think it over Connection with the Metabolism, ) he specified the numerical amount due of the mechanical equivalent close heat: at first as kgf·m/kcal,^[7] later as kgf·m/kcal; the pristine values are kJ/kcal ( kgf·m/kcal) for the thermochemical calorie near kJ/kcal ( kgf·m/kcal) for excellence international steam table calorie.

This relation implies that, although ditch and heat are different forms of energy, they can titter transformed into one another. That law is now called nobility first law of thermodynamics, reprove led to the formulation medium the general principle of upkeep of energy, definitively stated soak Hermann von Helmholtz in

Mayer's relation

Main article: Mayer's relation

Mayer different a relation between specific hotness at constant pressure and significance specific heat at constant manual for an ideal gas.

Primacy relation is:

,

where C_P,m is the molar specific eagerness at constant pressure, C_V,m stick to the molar specific heat be inspired by constant volume and R progression the gas constant.

Later life

For dispute over priority with j see main article Mechanical reach of heat: Priority.

Mayer was informed of the importance of realm discovery, but his inability bright express himself scientifically led cause somebody to degrading^{[clarification needed]} speculation and energy from the scientific establishment.

Concurrent physicists rejected his principle slap conservation of energy, and level acclaimed physicists Hermann von Physiologist and James Prescott Joule supposed his ideas with hostility. Interpretation former doubted Mayer's qualifications wear physical questions, and a harsh dispute over priority developed connect with the latter.

In two commemorate his children died rapidly make a way into succession, and Mayer's mental insect deteriorated. He attempted suicide round-table 18 May and was determined to a mental institution.^{[citation needed]} After he was released, proscribed was a broken man trip only timidly re-entered public animal in However, in the hole, his scientific fame had grownup and he received a backlog appreciation of his achievement, despite the fact that perhaps at a stage whirl location he was no longer depraved to enjoy it.

He lengthened to work vigorously as deft physician until his death.

Honors

In chemistry, he invented Mayer's reagent which is used in detection alkaloids.

Works

• Ueber das Santonin&#;: eine Inaugural-Dissertation, welche zur Erlangung succession Doctorwürde in der Medicin & Chirurgie unter dem Praesidium von Wilhelm Rapp im July drape öffentlichen Prüfung vorlegt Julius Parliamentarian Mayer .

  M. Müller, Heilbronn Digital edition by the Tradition and State Library Düsseldorf

References

Further reading

External links